{"id":2392,"date":"2026-08-31T14:13:23","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T10:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imza.info\/?p=2392"},"modified":"2026-08-31T14:13:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T10:13:39","slug":"aglin-s%c9%99rh%c9%99dl%c9%99rini-mu%c9%99yy%c9%99n-ed%c9%99n-filosof","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imza.info\/?p=2392","title":{"rendered":"A\u011fl\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n filosof"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130mmanuel Kant<\/strong> (1724\u20131804) Q\u0259rb f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck simalar\u0131ndan v\u0259 m\u00fcasir f\u0259ls\u0259fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin \u0259sas qurucular\u0131ndan biridir. Onun f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si yaln\u0131z XVIII \u0259sr Avropas\u0131n\u0131n intellektual h\u0259yat\u0131na deyil, sonrak\u0131 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259y\u0259, etikaya, epistemologiyaya, h\u00fcquq v\u0259 siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rib.<\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259sas sual bel\u0259 idi: \u0130nsan n\u0259yi bil\u0259 bil\u0259r, n\u0259yi bilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil v\u0259 nec\u0259 ya\u015famal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

O, bu suallara cavab axtarark\u0259n h\u0259m rasionalizmin, h\u0259m d\u0259 empirizmin birt\u0259r\u0259fli m\u00f6vqel\u0259rini a\u015fma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 Kant f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yaradan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259rd\u0259n biri hesab olunur.<\/p>\n

H\u0259yat\u0131<\/h2>\n

\u0130mmanuel Kant 22 aprel 1724-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Prussiyan\u0131n K\u00f6nigsberg<\/strong> \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259, s\u0259n\u0259tkar ail\u0259sind\u0259 anadan olub. Bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259r bu g\u00fcn Rusiyan\u0131n Kalininqrad \u015f\u0259h\u0259ridir.<\/p>\n

Kant dindar ail\u0259d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcb. G\u0259ncliyind\u0259 K\u00f6nigsberq Universitetind\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, riyaziyyat v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t elml\u0259ri il\u0259 maraqlan\u0131b. Universiteti bitirdikd\u0259n sonra bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t x\u00fcsusi m\u00fc\u0259llim kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131b.<\/p>\n

Uzun ill\u0259r universitetd\u0259 d\u0259rs dey\u0259n Kant n\u0259hay\u0259t 1770-ci ild\u0259 K\u00f6nigsberg Universitetind\u0259 m\u0259ntiq v\u0259 metafizika professoru olub.<\/p>\n

Onun h\u0259yat\u0131 zahir\u0259n olduqca sakit v\u0259 nizaml\u0131 ke\u00e7ib. Kant dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc K\u00f6nigsbergd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b. He\u00e7 vaxt ail\u0259 qurmay\u0131b v\u0259 uzaq s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmay\u0131b.<\/p>\n

Onun g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 nizaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu haqq\u0131nda m\u0259\u015fhur \u0259hvalatlar var. Deyil\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Kant h\u0259r g\u00fcn eyni saatda g\u0259zintiy\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r sakinl\u0259rinin onun g\u0259zintisin\u0259 baxaraq saatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcz\u0259ltdikl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda r\u0259vay\u0259t yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Lakin zahir\u0259n sakit g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n bu h\u0259yat\u0131n arxas\u0131nda Avropa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 tarixini d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259k b\u00f6y\u00fck bir f\u0259ls\u0259fi layih\u0259 dayan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kant f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259yi d\u0259yi\u015fdi?<\/h2>\n

Kantdan \u0259vv\u0259l f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sas m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri bilik m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si<\/strong> \u0259traf\u0131nda gedirdi.<\/p>\n

Rasionalistl\u0259r hesab edirdil\u0259r ki, h\u0259qiqi biliyin m\u00fch\u00fcm hiss\u0259si a\u011f\u0131l vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edilir. Empiristl\u0259r is\u0259 insan biliyinin \u0259sas m\u0259nb\u0259yini t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Kant bu qar\u015f\u0131durmaya yeni yana\u015fma g\u0259tirdi.<\/p>\n

Onun fikrinc\u0259, bilik n\u0259 yaln\u0131z t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259n, n\u0259 d\u0259 yaln\u0131z a\u011f\u0131ldan yaran\u0131r. T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 biz\u0259 material verir, a\u011f\u0131l is\u0259 h\u0259min material\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n formaya sal\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur fikirl\u0259rind\u0259n biri bel\u0259dir:<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u0259zmunu olmayan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259r bo\u015f, anlay\u0131\u015fs\u0131z duy\u011fular is\u0259 kordur.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u0259ni insan\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131 d\u0259rk etm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259m duy\u011fu t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si, h\u0259m d\u0259 a\u011fl\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cSaf z\u0259kan\u0131n t\u0259nqidi\u201d<\/h2>\n

Kant\u0131n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259s\u0259ri **\u201cSaf z\u0259kan\u0131n t\u0259nqidi\u201d**dir (Kritik der reinen Vernunft<\/em>, 1781).<\/p>\n

Bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 Kant insan a\u011fl\u0131n\u0131n imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Onun \u0259sas suallar\u0131ndan biri budur:<\/p>\n

Biz d\u00fcnyan\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi tan\u0131y\u0131r\u0131q, yoxsa onu \u00f6z zehnimizin qurulu\u015fu vasit\u0259sil\u0259 d\u0259rk edirik?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n cavab\u0131 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259yi\u015fiklik yaratd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Onun fikrinc\u0259, biz \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 tamamil\u0259 \u201c\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi\u201d deyil, onlar\u0131 insan \u015f\u00fcurunun imkanlar\u0131 daxilind\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259n ke\u00e7irdiyimiz \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 tan\u0131y\u0131r\u0131q.<\/p>\n

Burada Kant \u201cfenomen\u201d<\/strong> v\u0259 \u201cnoumen\u201d<\/strong> anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 f\u0259rql\u0259ndirir.<\/p>\n

Fenomen<\/strong> \u2014 biz\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n, d\u0259rk etdiyimiz al\u0259mdir.<\/p>\n

Noumen<\/strong> v\u0259 ya \u201c\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u015fey\u201d (Ding an sich<\/em>) is\u0259 \u015feyin bizim t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259mizd\u0259n v\u0259 qavray\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayan t\u0259r\u0259fidir.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Kant insan a\u011fl\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, onun s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirirdi.<\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n \u201cKopernik inqilab\u0131\u201d<\/h2>\n

Kant \u00f6z f\u0259ls\u0259fi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rini Kopernikin astronomiyada yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edirdi.<\/p>\n

\u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc ki, insan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si obyektl\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015f\u0131r. Kant is\u0259 sual\u0131 ba\u015fqa c\u00fcr qoydu:<\/p>\n

B\u0259lk\u0259 obyektl\u0259rin bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn nec\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259si m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nada zehnimizin qurulu\u015fundan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu yana\u015fma f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259d\u0259 \u201cKant\u0131n Kopernik inqilab\u0131\u201d<\/strong> adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bununla Kant diqq\u0259ti yaln\u0131z \u201cd\u00fcnya nec\u0259dir?\u201d sual\u0131ndan \u201cinsan d\u00fcnyan\u0131 nec\u0259 d\u0259rk edir?\u201d sual\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259ltdi.<\/p>\n

\u018fxlaq f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si<\/h2>\n

Kant\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si yaln\u0131z bilik m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131rd\u0131. Onun \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u0259xlaq f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sidir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Kanta g\u00f6r\u0259 insan\u0131n \u0259xlaqi d\u0259y\u0259ri onun n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r faydal\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259sind\u0259 deyil, d\u00fczg\u00fcn olan\u0131 borc bildiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn etm\u0259sind\u0259dir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

O, \u0259xlaq\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 borc<\/strong> anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, insan yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131q edirs\u0259, bunu yaln\u0131z m\u00fckafat qazanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn etm\u0259m\u0259lidir. \u018fxlaqi davran\u0131\u015f insan\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi, \u015f\u0259xsi m\u0259nf\u0259\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq etm\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

Kateqorik imperativ<\/h2>\n

Kant\u0131n \u0259xlaq f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 **\u201ckateqorik imperativ\u201d**dir.<\/p>\n

Onun \u0259sas formullar\u0131ndan biri bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 olunur:<\/p>\n

\u201cEl\u0259 davran ki, s\u0259nin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n prinsipi eyni zamanda \u00fcmumi qanun ola bilsin.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fczd\u0259n soru\u015fmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u0259nim etdiyim \u015feyi b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar ets\u0259ydi, d\u00fcnya nec\u0259 olard\u0131?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r \u00f6z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ham\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn universal qaydaya \u00e7evrilm\u0259sini q\u0259bul ed\u0259 bilmiriks\u0259, Kant\u0131n m\u0259ntiqin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259min davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u0259xlaqi \u0259saslar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n dig\u0259r m\u0259\u015fhur formuluna g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 insan\u0131 he\u00e7 vaxt yaln\u0131z vasit\u0259 kimi deyil, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259d kimi<\/strong> q\u0259bul etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu fikir insan l\u0259yaq\u0259ti v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcasir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rib.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n

Kant \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259xlaq v\u0259 azadl\u0131q bir-birind\u0259n ayr\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r insan \u00f6z h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rsa, dem\u0259li, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nada azad se\u00e7im imkan\u0131na<\/strong> malikdir.<\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sl azadl\u0131q insan\u0131n ist\u0259diyini kor-koran\u0259 etm\u0259k deyil.<\/p>\n

\u018fsl azadl\u0131q insan\u0131n \u00f6z a\u011fl\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdiyi \u0259xlaqi qanuna tabe ola bilm\u0259sidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu bax\u0131mdan Kant\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 azadl\u0131q m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u201cMaarifl\u0259nm\u0259 n\u0259dir?\u201d<\/h2>\n

Kant 1784-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u201cMaarifl\u0259nm\u0259 n\u0259dir?\u201d<\/strong> adl\u0131 m\u0259\u015fhur m\u0259qal\u0259sini yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Orada o, maarifl\u0259nm\u0259ni insan\u0131n \u00f6z a\u011fl\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k c\u0259sar\u0259ti<\/strong> kimi izah edirdi.<\/p>\n

Onun m\u0259\u015fhur \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131 bel\u0259dir:<\/p>\n

\u201cSapere aude!\u201d \u2014 \u201cBilm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259t et!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kanta g\u00f6r\u0259 insan\u0131n intellektual yetkinliyin\u0259 mane olan \u0259sas amill\u0259rd\u0259n biri ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n onun \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259\u015fm\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan \u00f6z a\u011fl\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 daim ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zl\u0259yirs\u0259, o, m\u0259n\u0259vi v\u0259 intellektual bax\u0131mdan as\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu fikir Kant\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin m\u00fch\u00fcm x\u0259ttini ifad\u0259 edir:<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan \u00f6z a\u011fl\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259li v\u0259 \u00f6z m\u0259suliyy\u0259tini ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 atmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kant v\u0259 din<\/h2>\n

Kant dini tamamil\u0259 r\u0259dd ed\u0259n filosof deyildi. Lakin o, dini yaln\u0131z kor-koran\u0259 ita\u0259t v\u0259 metafizik iddialar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurmaq ist\u0259mirdi.<\/p>\n

Onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259xlaq insan\u0131n daxili m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Kant Tanr\u0131, azadl\u0131q v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck kimi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin n\u0259z\u0259ri a\u011f\u0131l vasit\u0259sil\u0259 tam s\u00fcbut edil\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Lakin bunlar onun \u0259xlaq f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tuturdu.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Kant \u201cn\u0259yi bil\u0259 bil\u0259rik?\u201d<\/strong> sual\u0131 il\u0259 \u201cn\u0259y\u0259 inanmaq v\u0259 nec\u0259 ya\u015famaq olar?\u201d<\/strong> sual\u0131n\u0131 bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259ndirirdi.<\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n sonrak\u0131 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259siri<\/h2>\n

Kantdan sonra Avropa f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, he\u00e7 n\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lki kimi qalmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Onun ideyalar\u0131 Fichte, Schelling v\u0259 Hegel<\/strong> kimi alman idealistl\u0259rin\u0259, daha sonra is\u0259 Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger<\/strong> v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqa filosoflara t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir epistemologiya, etika, h\u00fcquq f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si, siyasi f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 v\u0259 estetikada Kant\u0131n qoydu\u011fu suallar h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Kant 12 fevral 1804-c\u00fc ild\u0259 do\u011fuldu\u011fu v\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u00e7irdiyi K\u00f6nigsbergd\u0259 v\u0259fat edib.<\/p>\n

Onun m\u0259zar\u0131 K\u00f6nigsberg Katedralinin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n zahiri sakitliyi il\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 intellektual inqilab aras\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck bir ziddiyy\u0259t var. O, dem\u0259k olar ki, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmadan b\u00fct\u00fcn Avropa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sinin istiqam\u0259tini d\u0259yi\u015fdirdi.<\/p>\n

Kant\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin \u0259sas suallar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Kant \u00f6z f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sini \u00fc\u00e7 \u0259sas suala c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fdirirdi:<\/p>\n

M\u0259n n\u0259yi bil\u0259 bil\u0259r\u0259m?<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u0259n n\u0259 etm\u0259liy\u0259m?<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u0259n n\u0259y\u0259 \u00fcmid ed\u0259 bil\u0259r\u0259m?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sonralar bunlara daha fundamental bir sual da \u0259lav\u0259 edir:<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan n\u0259dir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u018fslind\u0259 Kant\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si insan\u0131n bu suallar qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndak\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini anlamaq c\u0259hdidir.<\/p>\n

O, insana n\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyi bil\u0259 bil\u0259n q\u00fcdr\u0259tli varl\u0131q, n\u0259 d\u0259 tamamil\u0259 passiv m\u0259xluq kimi bax\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130nsan onun f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n, se\u00e7im ed\u0259n, m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan v\u0259 \u00f6z a\u011fl\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olan varl\u0131qd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 Kant\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si iki \u0259srd\u0259n \u00e7ox vaxt ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 aktuald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnki onun \u0259sas \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259yib:<\/p>\n

\u00d6z a\u011fl\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 et. \u00d6z se\u00e7imin\u0259 sahib \u00e7\u0131x. Ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259nin yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259sini g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

imza.info<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130mmanuel Kant (1724\u20131804) Q\u0259rb f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck simalar\u0131ndan v\u0259 m\u00fcasir f\u0259ls\u0259fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin \u0259sas qurucular\u0131ndan biridir. Onun f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si yaln\u0131z XVIII \u0259sr Avropas\u0131n\u0131n intellektual h\u0259yat\u0131na deyil, sonrak\u0131 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259y\u0259, etikaya, epistemologiyaya, h\u00fcquq v\u0259 siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rib. Kant\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259sas sual bel\u0259 idi: \u0130nsan n\u0259yi bil\u0259 bil\u0259r, n\u0259yi bilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil v\u0259 nec\u0259 ya\u015famal\u0131d\u0131r? O, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","category-layihlr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2392"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2395,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2392\/revisions\/2395"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}