{"id":2293,"date":"2026-07-19T13:40:23","date_gmt":"2026-07-19T09:40:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imza.info\/?p=2293"},"modified":"2026-07-19T13:44:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-19T09:44:38","slug":"heraklit-h%c9%99r-sey-axir-dey%c9%99n-filosof","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imza.info\/?p=2293","title":{"rendered":"Heraklit: “H\u0259r \u015fey ax\u0131r” dey\u0259n filosof"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Q\u0259rb f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin \u0259n sirli v\u0259 t\u0259sirli simalar\u0131ndan biri hesab edil\u0259n Heraklit<\/strong> (e.\u0259. t\u0259xmin\u0259n 540\u2013480) q\u0259dim Yunan\u0131stan\u0131n Efes \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, varl\u0131q, d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 kainat\u0131n mahiyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc fikirl\u0259rl\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 tarixind\u0259 yeni bir istiqam\u0259tin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur. Sonrak\u0131 \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Platon, Aristotel, Hegel, Nits\u015fe v\u0259 Haydegger kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck filosoflar onun ideyalar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u0259-d\u00f6n\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Heraklit\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, kainat\u0131n \u0259sas x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti sabitlik deyil, d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259dir<\/strong>. Onun \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur fikri olan “H\u0259r \u015fey ax\u0131r”<\/strong> (Panta rhei<\/em>) ifad\u0259si m\u0259hz bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259ni \u0259ks etdirir. Bu ifad\u0259 Heraklitin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi yaz\u0131lmasa da, onun f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin mahiyy\u0259tini ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur prinsip kimi q\u0259bul edilir.<\/p>\n

Filosofun \u0259n \u00e7ox sitat g\u0259tiril\u0259n fikirl\u0259rind\u0259n biri is\u0259 bel\u0259dir:<\/p>\n

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“Eyni \u00e7aya iki d\u0259f\u0259 girm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Bu fikir insan\u0131n da, t\u0259bi\u0259tin d\u0259 h\u0259r an d\u0259yi\u015fdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u00c7aya ikinci d\u0259f\u0259 daxil olan zaman art\u0131q n\u0259 \u00e7ay \u0259vv\u0259lki \u00e7ayd\u0131r, n\u0259 d\u0259 insan \u0259vv\u0259lki insand\u0131r. H\u0259yat davaml\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t v\u0259 yenil\u0259nm\u0259 i\u00e7ind\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

Heraklit kainat\u0131n ilkin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 od<\/strong> hesab edirdi. Lakin onun n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259 od sad\u0259c\u0259 fiziki \u00fcns\u00fcr deyildi. Od daim d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n, \u00e7evril\u0259n v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259td\u0259 olan kainat\u0131n simvolu idi. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131q bu d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ridir.<\/p>\n

Heraklitin f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm anlay\u0131\u015flardan biri d\u0259 Loqos<\/strong>dur. Loqos kainat\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259n \u00fcmumi qanun, nizam v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131ld\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar bu \u00fcmumi qanuna uy\u011fun ya\u015faya bils\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259t onu d\u0259rk etmir v\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131n zahiri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc il\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nir.<\/p>\n

Filosof hesab edirdi ki, kainatda ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r bir-birini m\u0259hv etmir, \u0259ksin\u0259, bir-birini tamamlay\u0131r. Gec\u0259 il\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, isti il\u0259 soyuq, h\u0259yat il\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm bir-birinin \u0259ksi olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, eyni nizam\u0131n t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259l\u0259ridir. Onun m\u0259\u015fhur fikirl\u0259rind\u0259n biri bel\u0259dir:<\/p>\n

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“M\u00fcbariz\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyin atas\u0131d\u0131r.”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Burada s\u00f6hb\u0259t yaln\u0131z m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n deyil, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259nb\u0259yi olmas\u0131ndan gedir.<\/p>\n

Heraklit yaz\u0131 \u00fcslubuna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirdi. O, fikirl\u0259rini q\u0131sa, m\u0259cazi v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ifad\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn antik d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ona “Qaranl\u0131q filosof”<\/strong> l\u0259q\u0259bi verilmi\u015fdi. Onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri tam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7atmasa da, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif antik m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin sitatlar\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 ideyalar\u0131 qorunub saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcn Heraklit t\u0259kc\u0259 q\u0259dim d\u00f6vr\u00fcn deyil, b\u00fct\u00fcn f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 tarixinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259rind\u0259n biri hesab olunur. Onun d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259, zaman, varl\u0131q v\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259t haqq\u0131nda ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc fikirl\u0259r m\u00fcasir elm, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259tta psixologiyada da \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131r. \u0130nsan h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n daimi h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t i\u00e7ind\u0259 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n bu bax\u0131\u015f, iki min be\u015f y\u00fcz ild\u0259n art\u0131q vaxt ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 qoruyur.<\/p>\n

imza.info<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Q\u0259rb f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin \u0259n sirli v\u0259 t\u0259sirli simalar\u0131ndan biri hesab edil\u0259n Heraklit (e.\u0259. t\u0259xmin\u0259n 540\u2013480) q\u0259dim Yunan\u0131stan\u0131n Efes \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, varl\u0131q, d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 v\u0259 kainat\u0131n mahiyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc fikirl\u0259rl\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 tarixind\u0259 yeni bir istiqam\u0259tin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur. Sonrak\u0131 \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Platon, Aristotel, Hegel, Nits\u015fe v\u0259 Haydegger kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck filosoflar onun ideyalar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u0259-d\u00f6n\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Heraklit\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,42,46,57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","category-antologiya","category-mdniyyt","category-trcum-flsf"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2293"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2298,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2293\/revisions\/2298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imza.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}